Cardiovascular System

Alterations of the cardiovascular system can cause serious adverse events and may lead to death when not treated in a timely and safe manner. Unfortunately, many patients with cardiovascular disorders are unaware until complications appear. In clinical settings, patients often present with symptoms of several cardiovascular disorders, making it essential for you, as the advanced practice nurse, to be able to recognize these symptoms and recommend appropriate drug treatment options.
To Prepare

Review the Resources for this module and consider the impact of potential pharmacotherapeutics for cardiovascular disorders introduced in the media piece.
Review the case study assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment.
Select one the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior factors.
Reflect on how the factor you selected might influence the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.
Consider how changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy.
Think about how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Reflect on whether you would modify the current drug treatment or provide an alternative treatment option for the patient.

Write a 3- 4page paper that addresses the following:

Explain how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you were assigned.
Describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. Be specific and provide examples.
Explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan and explain why you would make these recommended improvements.

Case Study: 
Patient HM has a history of atrial fibrillation and a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease. Drugs currently prescribed include the following:

Warfarin 5 mg daily MWF and 2.5 mg daily T, TH, Sat, Sun
Aspirin 81 mg daily
Metformin 1000 mg po bid
Glyburide 10 mg bid
Atenolol 100 mg po daily
Motrin 200 mg 1–3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Chapter 33, “Review of      Hemodynamics” (pp. 285–289)
Chapter 37, “Diuretics” (pp.      290–296)
Chapter 38, “Drugs Acting on the      Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System” (pp. 297–307)
Chapter 39, “Calcium Channel      Blockers” (pp. 308–312)
Chapter 40, “Vasodilators” (pp.      313–317)
Chapter 41, “Drugs for      Hypertension” (pp. 316–324)
Chapter 42, “Drugs for Heart      Failure” (pp. 325–336)
Chapter 43, “Antidysrhythmic      Drugs” (pp. 337–348)
Chapter 44, “Prophylaxis of      Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help Normalize      Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels” (pp. 349–363)
Chapter 45, “Drugs for Angina      Pectoris” (pp. 364–371)
Chapter 46, “Anticoagulant and      Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 372
–388)

 Reminder: The College of requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.