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Week 3 Assignment: Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness.
Week 3: Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness

In the past few years, vast business and production changes have been observed due to globalization and technology changes. Today’s world is like a global village where anybody can start a business in any country or produce goods. Therefore, globalization has led to increased industries competing to outdo each other in scrabbling for the market. Consequently, we would like to know the fundamental nature of world business and how enterprises organize themselves for today’s business and future. Taking the example of Apple, Inc. company that deals with electricals and computers worldwide, we can understand the nature of business and propose actions they can perform better.
Globalization
Globalization affects companies differently in different aspects. Some companies enjoy globalization while others suffer losses and finally close. Apple, Inc. company is an example of a company that has significantly benefited through globalization. Over the past forty-seven years, Apple has grown from a garage business in California to a multinational technology corporation, with locations worldwide. For the fiscal year ending in 2019, their worldwide revenue totaled $260.2 billion, with net profits of $11.25 billion. With 510 retail stores in 24 countries along with Apple and iTunes stores online. The company employees over 137,000 full-time permanent staff members. (8) In addition to also having over one billion active Apple items worldwide. Apple has contributed and created global economic growth impact on the planet because of globalization. 
Technology

Globalization has altered the global economy’s competitive environment, especially in terms of technology, leading to two fundamental causes of hyper-competitive markets. Therefore, the nature of today’s competitive landscape: blurring sector lines and the emergence of the latest technologies. With the launch of the Macintosh computer in 1984, Apple Inc. revolutionized personal technology. Then in 2007, the first iPhone was introduced to the public. Over the last forty plus years, Apple has created technology from the iPod, iPad, Wearable and Home Accessories, Software Services, and together with their continuing research and development have made Apple so competitive and the world’s largest information technology business.
Apple Inc. now leads the world in creativity. Apple offers four tech systems to choose from, IOS, OS X, WatchOS, and TVs tvOS, which provide a consistent experience across all Apple devices and empower users with groundbreaking services like the App Store, Apple Music, Apple Pay, and iCloud (9). Technology worldwide, has led to improve Apple products, therefore creating high competition for its competitors. Since technology is the primary tool of promoting phones and other electronics, Apple, Inc. has been searching for new technological improvements, producing quality phones and laptops (6). The advantage of technology transfer has made Apple, Inc. products the choice favorite globally. Globalization and technology have made Apple, Inc. the foremost profitable public company within the world.
Industrial Organization Model
There has been increased competition in the market due to companies’ speed in production, technological advancements, targeting the same market, and different products’ prices. Availability of multiple choices of goods in the market has led to customers generating new behaviors. Customers now want efficiency in service provision and want quality goods at low prices. Therefore, companies must struggle and meet all their customers’ needs or lose market to their competitors.
Today, information can easily be transferred to all parts of the world in a very short period due to developed fast means of communication. Therefore, the company needs to gather information about changes in its sector to accommodate changes with the market requirements. Apple, Inc. collects adequate details from social media and its customers hence producing new products with improved features. Also, Apple, Inc. uses social media platforms for its advertising which is more straightforward and reaches a broad audience with which it has improved its popularity.
Companies will be required to improve production skills to be in a position to compete with other companies in terms of production rate, efficiency, and minimization of production cost. Due to labor needs, Apple, Inc. has collaborated with other companies to perform the final assembly of Apple products. The collaboration was to look for more skilled and talented workers who are much available in China for improved production at a lower cost. However, there have been critics of poor working conditions as workers complained of long working hours and low wages. Technology has adequately boosted mass production as there are modern machines that perform huge tasks in little time. These machines have made it easier for Apple, Inc. to achieve its goal of feeding the market worldwide.
Resource-Based Model
The Apple, Inc. company could increase productivity and sales by starting final assembly plants in many other countries like India, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and other countries with great demand. Having branches near customers would mean increased market since people from that region would enjoy using a locally produced product. Also, the company’s delocalization would help the company avoid risks associated with localization, like, if the government of China enforces stiff policies on external companies, Apple, Inc. company will stop production.
The company could also work with companies that perform online marketing and sales to market their products and assist in reaching customers (1). Preferring online marketing is a brilliant idea since the world is changing to digital and many people prefer buying goods online since it is simple and free delivery. The rate at which online business is gaining popularity is alarming and, in the future, all companies will be done through media platforms.
There needs to be an employee focus department within the company for each area. The focus department for production would focus on where the production process should divide into different categories, with each sector having its head.
Division of labor motivates workers since they are in areas where they perfect and work best. Also, labor division boosts workers’ skills when they perform the same job every day and can develop more straightforward methods to do their work. Apple, Inc. company should ensure frequent innovation beyond other companies that produce similar goods. Innovation would enable the company to always be ahead of their competitors in terms of their product features; therefore, Apple cannot outdo the market. Customers will always admire unique designs and better features like camera, speed, and neatness.
Vision
Apple, Inc.’s vision of making the best product for the world influences its management strategies when creating its decision. The idea makes the company the world leader in technology, and therefore they work extra hard to ensure they come up with the unique, efficient product desired by everybody. For Apple, Inc. products to be the best for the world, they need to focus on the newest model and cater to the environment and health. It is, therefore, due to this motive, Apple, Inc. has started manufacturing semiconductor components. Apple, Inc. is also insisting their suppliers observe ways that conserve the environment and good labor practices. Apple, Inc. also wants its supply strategies to undertake the best product development by enhancing its supply chain.
Mission
Apple, Inc.’s mission of bringing the best computing products for teachers, students, designers, engineers, and everybody in the world indicates that Apple, Inc. focuses on computing tools’ organizational output. Therefore, the mission shows that Apple, Inc.’s technology does not exclude anyone making the company foster everyone’s needs regardless of the field. Thus, the vision and mission of Apple, Inc. influence each other towards strategic planning on developing future technology.
Stakeholders
Apple company has varying categories of stakeholders all over the world. They are also, having an outstanding track record of meeting its corporate social obligations while still fulfilling the needs of its stakeholders (7). There are varying categories of stakeholders all over the world. Among stakeholders, they have suppliers who play a significant role in ensuring that products get to customers all in the whole world (2). There are also pressure groups who support the industry in terms of asset which resembles capital in production like, Vanguard group which owns 7.83% of the total shares among other groups.
Apple, Inc. company’s significant operations are controlled by individual shareholders like Tim Cook, who owns 837,374 shares. Cook developed supplier seller relationships, served as chief operator, and was CEO of Apple, Inc. in 2011 (8). While in positions, shareholders have ensured the global operations of the app smoothly and ensure its health initiatives. Apple, Inc. customers are also significant shareholders of the company as their contribution cannot be underestimated. Therefore, Apple, Inc. customers have the highest number of shareholders, having sold over 1 billion iPhones.
Stakeholder like customers, Apple staff, and investors all benefit from the venture. Apple, on the other hand, has a chance to boost its corporate social responsibility efficiency by meeting the needs of employees in its supply chain. Given the diversity of organizational environments, imposing regulations on suppliers is challenging. Apple, on the other hand, has the authority to force suppliers to follow its Supplier Code of Conduct. As a result, the company’s primary corporate social responsibility effort should be to increase overall supply chain compliance.

Sources
1. Budzinski, & Kuchinke (2018). The modern industrial organization theory of media markets and competition policy implications. Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers No. 115.
2. Clarke, Jarvis, & Gholamshahi (2019). The impact of corporate governance on compounding inequality: Maximizing shareholder value and inflating executive pay. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 6
3. Finkle, T. A., & Mallin, M. L. (2010). STEVE JOBS AND APPLE, INC. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 16(7), 31.
4. Hitt, Ireland, & Hoskisson. 2020. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitiveness nd
Globalization (13th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning
5. Johnson, K., Li, Y., Phan, H., Singer, J., & Trinh, H. (2012). The Innovative Success that is Apple, Inc.
6. Jun, S., Park, S., & Jang, D. (2015). A Technology Valuation Model Using Quantitative Patent Analysis: A Case Study of Technology Transfer in Big Data Marketing. Emerging Markets and Trade, 51, 963 – 974.

7. Yoffie, D. B., & Rossano, P. May 15, 2012. Apple Inc. in 2012 (Case Study). Harvard School Case Studies.
8. Zuckerman, A. May 15, 2020. 84 Apple : 2020/2021 Revenue, Sales & Employees. https://comparecamp.com/apple-statistics/.
9. No author. March 21, 2016. Apple Introduces iPhone SE — The Most Powerful Phone with a Four-inch Display. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2016/03/21Apple-Introduces-iPhone-SE-The-Most-Powerful-Phone-with-a-Four-inch-Display/.
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