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An Introduction to
Psychological Science

An Introduction to
Psychological Science
Second Canadian Edition

Mark Krause
Southern Oregon University
Daniel Corts
Augustana College
Stephen Smith
University of Winnipeg
Dan Dolderman
University of Toronto

Editorial dirEctor: Claudine O’Donnell

acquisitions Editor: Darcey Pepper

MarkEting ManagEr: Leigh-Anne Graham

PrograM ManagEr: Madhu Ranadive

ProjEct ManagEr: Kimberley Blakey

dEvEloPMEntal Editor: Lise Dupont

MEdia dEvEloPEr: Tiffany Palmer

Production sErvicEs: Cenveo Publisher Services

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tExt PErMissions rEsEarch: Integra Publishing Services, Inc.

art dirEctor: Alex Li

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vicE-PrEsidEnt, cross MEdia and Publishing sErvicEs: Gary Bennett

Pearson Canada Inc., 26 Prince Andrew Place, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 2T8.

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978-0-13-430220-1

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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

library and archives canada cataloguing in Publication

Krause, Mark A. (Mark Andrew), 1971-, author

An introduction to psychological science / Mark Krause, Daniel Corts,
Stephen Smith, Dan Dolderman. — Second Canadian edition.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-13-430220-1 (hardback)

1. —Textbooks. I. Corts, Daniel Paul, 1970-, author II. Smith,
Stephen D. (Stephen Douglas), 1974-, author III. Dolderman, Dan, 1972-, author
IV. Title.

BF121.K73 2017 150 C2016-906938-9

For Andrea and Finn. Both of you fuel my passion and motivation
for this endeavor.

I cannot thank you enough.

Mark Krause

To Kim, Sophie, and Jonah, for your patience, understanding,
and forgiveness during all the hours this project has occupied me.

Dan Corts

To my brilliant wife, Jenn, and our hilarious children, Oliver and
Clara. Thank you for putting up with me.

Stephen Smith

To my children, Alexandra, Kate, and Geoff, who love this world
so deeply. And to my mother, who has had a huge impact on my
life.

Dan Dolderman

Brief Contents
1 Introducing Psychological Science 1

2 Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research 29

3 Biological 71

4 Sensation and Perception 125

5 Consciousness 180

6 Learning 227

7 Memory 270

8 Thought and Language 313

9 Intelligence Testing 349

10 Lifespan Development 385

11 Motivation and Emotion 439

12 Personality 490

13 Social 531

14 Health, Stress, and Coping 578

15 Psychological Disorders 614

16 Therapies 653

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Contents
About the Authors xvii

About the Canadian Authors xvii

From the Authors xviii

Content and Features xxi

For Instructors xxvi

Acknowledgments xxviii

1 Introducing Psychological Science 1
Module 1.1 The Science of 2

The Scientific Method 3
Hypotheses: Making Predictions 3

Theories: Explaining Phenomena 4

The Biopsychosocial Model 5

Building Scientific Literacy 6

Working the Scientific Literacy Model: Planning When to Study 7
Critical Thinking, Curiosity, and a Dose of Healthy Skepticism 8

Myths in Mind Abducted by Aliens! 9

Summary 10

Module 1.2 How Became a Science 11
’s Philosophical and Scientific Origins 12

Influences from the Ancients: Philosophical Insights into

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Behaviour 12

Influences from Physics: Experimenting with the Mind 13

Influences from Evolutionary Theory: The Adaptive Functions of
Behaviour 13

Influences from Medicine: Diagnoses and Treatments 15

The Influence of Social Sciences: Measuring and Comparing
Humans 16

The Beginnings of Contemporary 18
Structuralism and Functionalism: The Beginnings of
18

The Rise of Behaviourism 19

Radical Behaviourism 20

Humanistic Emerges 21

The Brain and Behaviour 21

The Cognitive Revolution 21

Social and Cultural Influences 23

Emerging Themes in 24
of Women 24

Comparing Cultures 25

The Neuroimaging Explosion 25

The Search for the Positive 26

in the Real World 26

Summary 28

2 Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research 29

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