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Title of Paper
In this section, include a problem statement, purpose of study, and the philosophical and
theoretical perspectives you will use. Describe how the philosophical and theoretical
perspectives you chose inform your research. Provide citations where necessary, such as when
describing the theory used. End with clearly stated research questions (remember that qualitative
research does not have specific hypotheses, unlike quantitative). Research questions should be
related to the purpose of your study. Research questions are answered with the data you collect
and analyze.
Review
In total, provide a few paragraphs describing the relevant literature and background of
your study. This covers your overall topic and the specific phenomena you are investigating. The
focus is on what existing research has explored related to your topic, particularly research using
your same type of design (e.g., qualitative). Use this main section to summarize literature on
your broad topic. Use the subheadings to identify and discuss each specific component of your
study in more detail. If you were studying whether nursing home residents view certain aspects
of aging more positively that others, you might first summarize the general research on aging
here. Then you would use the subheadings below to drill down into the specific components you
chose, for instance physical, mental, and social aspects of aging.
Insert Topic One
Short summary of literature on this aspect of the topic.
Insert Topic Two
Short summary of literature on this aspect of the topic.
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Methodology
Provide a general overview of qualitative research, your selected worldview, and the
approach you chose (ex. narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case
study; see Ch 1 Qualitative Designs). Discuss why this approach was used. You can include
information about the researcher’s role and reflexivity, but that is optional for the final.
Method
Location
Provide enough detail about the location that a reader could judge whether the findings
might be applicable to their own location and situation. However, do not identify organizations
by name. Note why you chose this site/ group of sites.
Participants
Include desired participant demographics, desired number of participants, recruitment
strategies, sampling techniques, and details about the criteria for which participants will be
included in or excluded from the study.
Data Collection Procedures
Describe how data will be gathered, including a general overview of why you chose the
data sources you did. Provide a rough timeline of the collection procedures. This is different
from the later timeline, which covers the steps of the entire project.
Qualitative Observations
If using observations, explain what type of observations, how many, for how long,
observing whom, and anything else that might be relevant. Only keep this section if using
observations. (See Chapter 9 Data Collection Procedures)
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Qualitative Interviews
If using interviews, explain what type of interviews, how many, for how long, with whom
and anything else that might be relevant. Only keep this section if using interviews. (See Chapter
9 Data Collection Procedures)
Qualitative Documents
If collecting documents, explain what type, how many, from whom, and anything else
that might be relevant. This often includes records, narratives, journals, and other text-based
documents. Only keep this section if using documents. (See Chapter 9 Data Collection
Procedures)
Qualitative Audiovisual and Digital Materials
If using audiovisual or other digital materials, explain what type, how many, of or from
whom, and anything else that might be relevant. This often includes photographs, videos, social
media posts/content, physical objects, and other such materials. If you are videotaping or
recording an interview or observation, that would go in the data recording section below, not
here. Only keep this section if using audiovisual/digital materials. (See Chapter 9 Data
Collection Procedures)
Data Recording Procedures
How will the data be recorded, particularly observational and interview data?
Data Analyses
Include a step-by-step breakdown of how you will organize and analyze the data you
collect. See Ch 9 under Data Analysis Procedures. This might include a description of coding
and how themes will be generated. You can also discuss how the data will be represented.
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Interpretation
Discuss how you will interpret the data after you have analyzed it. Use the Interpretation
section of Ch. 9 for guidance.
Validity and Reliability
Discuss strategies you will use to support the qualitative validity of the findings and
qualitative reliability of your approach (See the Validity and Reliability section of Ch. 9 for
examples of both). Note that this is different from how we discuss quantitative validity and
reliability; it is not based off of statistics.
Ethical Considerations
What ethical considerations might you encounter? Use the text as a guide, especially
Table 4.1 (Creswell & Creswell, 2018, p. 88-89). How will you ensure there are no ethical
issues?
Timeline
List each component of the research process, in order, describing how long you anticipate
each step will take. To be safe, factor in more time than you think you need, since difficulties
will inevitably arise.
Budget and Resources
How much, if any, money or other resources will be required to complete this study?
How will you obtain the necessary resources?
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References
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods approaches (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.
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Appendix
Include any self-developed material, such as your interview questions, observation protocols, etc.
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