1. Why is it appropriate to criminally prosecute hackers for simply breaking into government computers? Should we prosecute those who break into private corporation computers if no other criminal activity occurs? Explain your answer in detail.
Answer
While the internet has revolutionized business and communication almost overnight, laws regulating its use and misuse haven’t developed as swiftly. But in the last few years Congress and the courts have started responding to the threat posed by computer crime. Before 1996–when the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was amended significantly–prosecutors had to rely on old statutes to make their cases and many of these statutes were inadequate when applied to the new area of computer crime.
Below is a synopsis of the philosophy underlying the regulation of computer code, followed by a summary of laws that have been enacted, specifically or not, to counter computer-related crime.
U.S. courts have established that most original computer code is intellectual property since it involves creativity and the use and application of mental faculties. In many ways, U.S. law treats code in the same manner as it treats books, musical recordings and other creative activities. Such intellectual properties are considered a form of speech and are protected under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
There are, of course, limitations on First Amendment protections afforded to “speech,” or computer code in this case. Generally, the government cannot prevent it from being freely created and disseminated. Limitations can be enforced if there is a need to protect the public’s welfare, but such restrictions have been very difficult to enact. In fact, many potentially dangerous pieces of intellectual property have appeared in the U.S.–articles on how to make bombs and how to commit assassinations–and the courts have routinely suppressed any restraints on free speech.
After extensive litigation, the courts have extended that same logic to the dissemination of computer code, including encryption software which scrambles information so that only authorized users can read it. In a case that began in 1993, the U.S. State Department ruled that Daniel Bernstein, then a graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley, would have to register as an international weapons dealer if he wanted to post an encryption program online. The government feared encryption technology could be used to conceal illegal activity, so it restricted its export under the Int’l Traffic in Arms Regulations portion of the Arms Export Control Act.
Bernstein filed suit in 1995, arguing that the government was violating his constitutional right to the freedom of speech. In 1997 a U.S. District Court determined the code was, indeed, a form of speech and that the government could not restrict its dissemination.
While the development and possession of harmful computer code is not a criminal act, using the code can be. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) [18 U.S.C. Section 1030] makes it illegal for anyone to distribute computer code or place it in the stream of commerce if they intend to cause either damage or economic loss. The CFAA focuses on a code’s damage to computer systems and the attendant economic losses, and it provides criminal penalties for either knowingly or recklessly releasing a computer virus into computers used in interstate commerce. Someone convicted under the CFAA could face a prison sentence as long as 20 years and a fine of up to $250,000.
When the CFAA was enacted in 1984 (as the Counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud and Abuse Act), it applied only to federal government computers and computers owned by large financial institutions. It was designed simply to give the Secret Service the jurisdiction to conduct investigations into computer crime. The first person prosecuted under the CFAA was Robert Morris, the Cornell University graduate student who released the first worm onto the internet. Yet additional prosecutions weren’t immediately forthcoming: The unamended version of the 1984 CFAA resulted in only one prosecution. Since then, however, it has been amended many times to counter new instances of computer crime.
For example, the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act, which was signed into law by then-President Clinton in 1996, significantly amended the CFAA. Its definition of a “protected computer” was expanded to effectively cover any computer connected to the internet. Damages, as defined in the original, must reach $5,000, but that requirement is waived if the intrusion hampered medical care, harmed anyone, or posed a threat to national security.
As it reads today, each major subsection of the CFAA is intended to explain a particular aspect of computer crime. In simple terms, the CFAA prohibits:
The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) [18 U.S.C. Sections 2510-2521, 2701-2710], which was signed into law in 1986, amended the Federal Wiretap Act to account for the increasing amount of communications and data transferred and stored on computer systems. The ECPA protects against the unlawful interceptions of any wire communications–whether it’s telephone or cell phone conversations, voicemail, email, and other data sent over the wires. The ECPA also includes protections for messages that are stored–email messages that are archived on servers, for instance. Now, under the law, unauthorized access to computer messages, whether in transit or in storage, is a federal crime.
There is a clause in the ECPA, however, that permits employees at an internet service provider (ISP) to read the messages in order to maintain service or to immure the provider itself from damage. For example, if an ISP suspects that a virus is being disseminated via its systems, it has a right to intercept messages to determine whether its service is, indeed, a carrier of a virus.
Like traditional wiretapping, the ECPA allows the government to obtain a warrant to access electronic communications or records. The first “data wiretap,” for example, was used to apprehend some of the principal actors in the Phonemasters case.
Interestingly, the ECPA itself was amended by Congress in 1994 when the Communications Assistance for Enforcement Act (CALEA) was passed. The amended ECPA required telecommunications carriers to modernize their equipment so that they comply with authorized electronic surveillance. Three prominent advocacy groups–the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) and the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC)–opposed the law. In a 1998 joint statement, the organizations said that they “continue to oppose the funding of [CALEA], an FBI-backed law that–despite the record levels to which law enforcement wiretapping has soared–would require the telecommunications industry to build enhanced digital wiretapping capabilities into the Nation’s telephone system.”
There are other laws in the federal statutes that have been applied to hacker cases. These laws aren’t designed specifically to counter computer crime, but have been applied to certain cases when existing law has proved inadequate in scope:
Enacted in 1996, the Economic Espionage Act (EEA) has both domestic and international components and condemns foreign espionage as well as theft of trade secrets. It has been used to prosecute industrial espionage through traditional means as well as the newer electronic pilfering methods. In essence, the EEA makes it a federal crime to take, download, receive, or possess trade secret information obtained without the owner’s authorization.
The Wire Fraud Act makes it illegal to use interstate wire communications systems, which ostensibly includes the internet, to commit a fraud to obtain money or property. In addition, computer-aided theft involving the use of interstate wires or mails is considered criminal.
The National Stolen Property Act (NSPA) prohibits the transportation in interstate commerce of “any goods, wares, securities, or money” valued at $5,000 or more that are known to be stolen or fraudulently obtained. Computerized transfers of funds have been covered by this law.
The Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act (ITADA) [18 U.S.C. Section 1028(a)(7)] was passed by Congress in 1998. It criminalizes identity theft and allows courts to assess the losses suffered by individual consumers. According to the act, identity theft is defined as follows:
Whoever knowingly transfers or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit, or otherwise promote, carry on, or facilitate any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of federal law …
Therefore, anyone who steals any name or number that may be used to identify a specific individual is committing a federal crime and may be forced to pay damages. While the CFAA covers certain aspects of identity theft, the ITADA addresses restitution and relief for the victims.
According to a March 1999 study in Information & Communications Technology , 33 states have enacted their own laws to combat computer crime, while 11 more have laws pending in state legislatures. The laws from state to state vary widely in structure and wording, but not in intent. Almost all of the present state laws criminalize the unauthorized access to or use of computers and databases, using a computer as an instrument of fraud, and known and foreseeable acts of computer sabotage.
By nature, however, state laws are limited in scope. While most law enforcement has historically been left to the states, states are ill-equipped to deal with the extraterritoriality of computer crime. State law enforcement agencies cannot execute search warrants, subpoena witnesses, or make arrests beyond their own borders. Yet computer crimes are hardly ever confined to a specific locality. The “Morris Worm,” for example, ultimately crippled 6,200 computers all over the country.
Most experts agree that the CFAA affords the broadest protection against computer crimes.
2. Investigate Web sites that give advice on avoiding identity theft. What advice do they give on how to avoid being a victim?
Identity theft is any kind of deception, scam, or crime that results in the loss of personal data, including the loss of usernames, passwords, banking information, credit card numbers, Social Security Numbers and health ID’s, that is then used without your permission to commit fraud and other crimes.
Up to 9 million Americans have their identities stolen each year according to the FTC1, and at least 534 million personal records have been compromised since 2005 through attacks on the databases of businesses, government bodies, institutions, and organizations2. If those breaches were spread evenly across the U.S. population of 310 million, everyone would have had their identities stolen one and two-thirds times.
For some consumers, identity theft is an annoying inconvenience and they can quickly resolve their problems and restore their identity. For others recovering their identity can cost hundreds, even thousands of dollars, take months to resolve, cause tremendous damage to their reputation, cause them to lose job opportunities, even influence the rejection of loan applications for school, homes or cars because would-be employers or loan companies see the damage on your credit scores. Some consumers have even been arrested for crimes committed by someone using their identities and have had to prove that they were not guilty.
Consumers become victims of identity theft through many types of exploits. These can happen the old-fashioned ways when crooks (including family members!) steal mail from your mailbox, rummage through your trash for bills and bank statements, steal wallets and purses, or make an extra copy of your credit card – perhaps when your waiter or clerk walks off to process your payment.
Online identity theft occurs when users fall for tactics like phishing and confidence scams; or download malware onto their computers or smartphones that steals their information; use wireless networks that are insecure; take out money from an ATM that has been rigged with a skimming device that collections your information; share their passwords with untrustworthy people, or by having their information stolen when data records are breached on companies, government, and educational sites.
Below are a few key steps you can take to prevent identity theft online:
Note: Remember that after you request a report, you will have to wait a year to get it free of charge again from the same credit reporting company. (Of course, you can pay for a copy of your credit report at any time.)
Consistently applying these eight steps to both defend and monitor your credit score will reduce the risks of having your identity stolen, and alert you instantly if such a problem arises. Internet security solutions with identity theft protection can guard against specialized malware designed to steal personal information by logging your keystrokes or snooping on your browsing sessions. Protect usernames, account numbers, and other personal information against spyware and other online threats targeting valuable personal data.
3. Research and compare security tools that claim to protect home and enterprise internet operations. Which were most effective and least effective?
Securing a network can seem overwhelming. The world of Security can be complicated. Network security tools assist in securing your monitoring IT environment.
The more tools an InfoSec professional has to work with, the better they will be able to address the task at hand. Access to a wide range of computer network security software is only the start. Knowing how to put them to use is the essence of network protection.
New security threats seemingly appear daily. The progressive nature of these attacks requires dynamic multi-point security solutions. It is critical administrators quickly identify vulnerabilities to protect data security.
We have collected the best security tools to combat network threats. These applications should make for a strong starting point for anyone working in Information Security. Don’t miss the expert contributors!
One of the best free and open source tools available for network traffic analysis. Argus stands for Audit Record Generation and Utilization System. The program does just what the acronym says. Efficient, in-depth analysis of network data, sifting through big chunks of traffic with fast, comprehensive reporting. Whether or not it’s the only traffic monitoring tool users need, it provides a solid foundation.
P0f remains popular in spite of a lack of updates. The program has scarcely changed in over a decade because it was just about perfect on release. Streamlined and efficient, P0f generates no additional traffic. It can be used to identify the operating system of any host with which it interacts. Many tools in this category create probes, name lookups, assorted queries, and so on. P0f is light, fast, and clean-running. A must-have for advanced users, but not the easiest to learn for the rookies on the team.
Nagios monitors hosts, systems, and networks, delivering alerts in real-time. Users can specify exactly which notifications they want to
receive. The program can monitor network services, including HTTP, NNTP, ICMP, POP3, and SMTP, among others.
To many, Nagios is The name in traffic monitoring. A comprehensive, all-bases-covered approach to network management. One of the most powerful free tools for cybersecurity professionals and small businesses alike.
Designed for both real-time analysis and historical data searches. Splunk is a fast and versatile network monitoring tool.
One of the more user-friendly programs with a unified interface. Splunk’s strong search function makes application monitoring easy. Splunk is a paid app with free versions available. The free version is limited. This is an excellent tool to put on the list for those who have a budget to work with. Independent contractors tend to be careful about the premium tools they buy. Splunk is well worth the cost. Any information security professional with a strong enough client base should invest in Splunk.
OSSEC open-source intrusion detection service provides real-time analytics of system security events.
It can be configured to be constantly monitoring all possible sources of entry and access, including files, rootkits, logs, registries, and processes. It is also available for a variety of platforms, such as Linux, Windows, Mac, BSD, and VMWare ESX. The OSSEC user community is also good at sharing strategies, modifications, support, and other useful information. Other available tools include “Atomicorp,” which provides ‘self-healing’ to automatically fix detected vulnerabilities, and Wazuh, which offers training and support.
InfoSec professionals honestly need a lot of tools to do their work. If only had to choose one; it would be a properly tuned Data Analytics Aggregator or SIEM software; e.g., Splunk
There’s too much data to try to parse and correlate between devices and hosts on your own. You need to be collecting decrypted packets and logs and then enriching it with threat intelligence.
At least for our group, our backbone is Splunk-the features that set it apart from most SIEMs is that it handles unstructured data quite well and can scale easy. Most shops only utilize logs, and maybe NetFlow.
With Splunk, we can utilize every use case our engineers can create use cases and content for. Splunk while not a SIEM by itself, can be made to do it and add the predictive analytics out of the box. It also Supports both push and pull models.
Dennis Chow CISO of SCIS Security
Tor gained a lot of press when people started talking about the “dark web” some years back. The dark web turned out not to be as scary as urban legends made it out to be. Tor is just a tool to ensure privacy on the Internet. The system routes requests to proxy web servers for privacy, making users harder to track. Although there are malicious exit nodes used to sniff traffic, this isn’t a significant concern with careful use. Tor’s applications in InfoSec are more plentiful than its applications in cybercrime.
Used in identity management, KeePass is a necessity for many office settings. A simple password management system. KeePass allows users to access all of their accounts with one password. Combining convenience with security, KeePass lets users set unique passwords for different accounts with an auto-fill function when typing in the master password. Those who have dealt in InfoSec for more than a day know how important this can be. Sometimes a security issue just comes down to bad password management. KeePass helps network security officers manage the human element of the job.
TrueCrypt remains popular despite having gone years without updates. Abandoned by its developer in 2014, TrueCrypt is technically outdated, yet still a strong tool. A disk encryption system, TrueCrypt allows for layered content encryption with two tiers of access control. Free, powerful, open software. It’s easy to see why TrueCrypt remains popular despite not having been updated in four years. One of the best open source security programs available.
Kali Linux is a security system designed for digital forensics and penetration testing which now can run on both Linux distributions and Windows operating systems. It is compatible with a wide range of wireless devices. It is valued for more than 600 tools geared towards various information security tasks, such as Penetration Testing, Security Research, Computer Forensics, and Reverse Engineering.
QRadar SIEM, IBM’s Security Intelligence Platform that provides real-time visibility of the entire IT infrastructure. The system boasts an extensive set of modules (Log Management, Security Intelligence, Network Activity Monitoring, IT Security Risk management, Vulnerability Management, and Network Forensics) that are available through a single web-based console. QRadar is a commercial tool, but you can use its free version with 50 Events per Second (EPS) limit known as Community Edition.
Dmitry Nikolaenya, SIEM department coordinator at ScienceSoft
A powerful tool for network protection. Burp Suite is a real-time network security scanner designed to identify critical weaknesses. Burp Suite will determine how cybersecurity threats might invade a network via a simulated attack. The suite is available in three versions: Community, Professional, and Enterprise. Professional and Enterprise are paid application testing tools, including the web vulnerability scanner. The Community version is free but severely limited. Community includes only the essential manual tools. Burp Suite is a potent tool for businesses, but perhaps pricey for smaller organizations. Still, a critical application security testing tool.
One of the best open-source vulnerability scanner management tools. Nikto will scan web servers and networks for matches with a database of over 6400 threats. Although the network protection software itself has not been updated in some time, it is still up to date. This is because the threat database is regularly updated. There are also countless s being released and continuously updated. For many security professionals, Nikto is a cornerstone of the vulnerability scanning routine.
Java-based web proxy Paros Proxy includes several useful tools for running security tests. These include a web spider, traffic recorder, and vulnerability scanner. Excellent for detecting network intrusion openings to some of the most common threats, including detecting SQL injection attacks and cross-site scripting.
Very easy to edit with even rudimentary Java or HTTP/HTTPS knowledge. Anyone who can write a web application can edit Paros Proxy. An excellent network protection software testing tool for identifying a security risk before it becomes a security breach.
Companies seeking improved access to potential weak spots in their network can use this free open source monitoring tool. It has been designed to offer a close look at every network. Including indicating hosts, what services are being provided at each host, what types of packet filters are in use and other features.
Nmap also includes a debugging tool for all major platforms and can be used to scan one network at a time or multiple networks at once. The network security tool is designed to be user-friendly and can be easily customized.
For all the times that your organization may have improperly configured security settings or put in the wrong patch, this software corrects mistakes and improves the integrity of your networks.
Nessus identifies and repairs detected vulnerabilities, including missing or incomplete patches; software bugs; or other general misconfigurations throughout applications, devices, and operating systems.
Along with the Pro version, admins/security experts can consider a free open source scanner that looks for possible exploits. One advantage of the Nessus service is daily database updates. Current information about threats and patches are always available. It also just doesn’t check to see if version numbers match, but programs are doing what they’re supposed to. Users can access a variety of security plug-ins as well as develop their own and scan individual computers as well as networks.
Available for Unix and Linux systems, there’s also a Win32 GUI client that works with Windows products. Users pay an annual subscription to utilize all its services. Nessus is used by more than 24,000 companies worldwide and claims to have the lowest false positive rate among its competitors, plus offers access to more than 100,000 security plug-ins that are regularly updated.
Nexpose offers real-time, on-premises vulnerability scanning and management.
It helps security/IT teams look for, detect, and reduce possible weak points, and presents ‘live’ views of the network. It also continually refreshes and adapts to new threats in software and data. Another useful feature is its ability to help security teams prioritize the highest vulnerabilities by providing a risk score. This is useful for coordinating responses to multiple breaches or delegating workflow, starting with the weakest areas where the more serious/potentially damaging breaches are more likely to take place.
Kali Linux comes with a number of tools for pen testing and wireless scanning that hackers like to use for scanning networks
It is recommended that security professionals use it as it is a comprehensive toolset that will allow infosec professionals to conduct reconnaissance, scanning, and penetration all on one network security platform, it’s also a free tool.
Sanjay Deo, President 24 By 7 Security
If you are looking for a penetration testing tool, you’ll appreciate this framework of Metasploit. Available in open source versions for developers/security staff or a commercial Pro version.
Users can use the network security tool from Rapid7 to look for more than 1,500 exploits, including network segmentation security. It also allows companies to perform various security assessments and improve their overall network defenses, so they’re more thorough and responsive.
Kali Linux offers a security auditing operating system and toolkit with more than 300 techniques to ensure your sites and Linux servers stay safe from attack.
Funded and maintained by Offensive Security, which also operates and moderates an active user community and an extensive database of threats and exploits. Part of this knowledge base includes certification in pen tests and a free online course called Metasploit Unleashed. The toolkit is designed for all security skill levels to use, not just advanced IT pros.
Rapid fire tools helps us identify weaknesses within the network, potential issues, and be able to detect when and where problems will occur. It is more of a proactive than a reactive tool. But it is effective.
Auvik is an on-demand threat monitoring tool for potential network issues. It shows us traffic, connectivity, and networks that we may or may not have seen before. It allowed us to find in multiple companies hidden wireless routers, switches, and more at even the client didn’t know about.
We also use an image-based virtual addition of OpenVAS to penetrate test a network for when we get to a new client. It’s open source, free, and easy to use. We drop off the computer at a location, let it cook for a week and then produce a report so we can then go back to the client and show them what we have found. Some are surprised, others are terrified.
Trave Harmon, Chief Executive Officer, Triton Computer Corporation
Ready to crack some passwords, or at least test how strong yours are?
Openwall is designed to detect weak passwords quickly.
Initially designed for Unix environments, it now works with Windows, OpenVMS, and DOS systems. John looks for common hash-type passwords as well as more complex ciphers and encrypted logins. The Openware community continually provides updates and patches as password technology and security evolves. Users can access a standard wordlist for more than 20 languages that often appear in passwords, plus varieties that include words and letters in several languages.
Anyone working in network security will know that UNIX tends to lead the way in free security apps. Windows and Mac users get the ports late, if ever.
However, Cain and Abel is a Windows-only password recovery tool that leads the pack. Capable of recording VoIP conversations; it can decode scrambled passwords and analyze routing protocols. It uncovers cached passwords, reveals password boxes, cracks encryption with brute force style attacks and cryptanalysis, and on and on. Virtually a must-have starting point for packet sniffing routines.
A Mac, Windows, and Linux app predating market leader Wireshark. Although Tcpdump is not the newest packet sniffer available, it set the standard in the field. Tcpdump remains a favorite network sniffer with ongoing active development and fresh approach. The tool uses fewer system resources than competing options and opens little security risk.
Ethereal was the name that Wireshark debuted under. Modeled mainly after Tcpdump, the console-based tool is an excellent protocol analyzer.
Wireshark offers real-time network analysis. It allows users to view reconstructed TCP session streams. Many prefer Tcpdump for security and system-resource reasons, but Wireshark remains the most popular packet sniffer. The software receives regular updates to outfit its robust packet-sniffing capabilities. Wireshark is an essential tool, even if it’s not every security pro’s first choice.
I would say every IT and Cybersecurity Networking Professional should be using Kali Linux. Some say this is a hacking only tool. I beg to differ.
Kali Linux (historically called Backtrack) is a freely available collection of tools that offers everyone, (network, applications security, information security) something. There are about 100 or more tools in there, and there is a tool for every capability and intention.
You can download the ISO image, burn it on to a CD or put it in a USB flash drive and boot almost any computer into Kali Linux. The image is also bootable into a VM and works from a MAC.
Amar Singh, Founder, Cyber Management Alliance Ltc
A suite of WEP and WPA cracking tools. Aircrack features ideal internet security solutions for mobile devices. Aircrack is vital for cracking algorithms. The suite’s tools include airdecap for WEP/WPA capture file decryption and airplay for packet injection. Several other tools are included as well, creating a robust set of apps for InfoSec use. For many wireless security tasks, Aircrack is an all-in-one solution. The series of tools available within the suite allows for pros to handle an entire job at once. Some tasks may demand more than AirCrack has to offer. Many tasks can be accomplished only with AirCrack tools.
Free security software for Windows users. A necessary tool for wardriving, finding open access points in a wireless network. The software is Windows only, and no source code is provided. This can make for a hard sell to some. Being able to edit open source code can be critical for security. NetStumbler’s active WAP-seeking approach makes it very popular nonetheless. NetStumbler is known for detecting vulnerabilities that other security scanner tools miss.
Free software for Mac with an attractive It is accessible even for less experienced users. The Mac OS X port of Kismet, with a very different codebase. KisMAC excels at mapping and penetration testing with deauthentication attacks.
Fognigma creates an encrypted security network by linking randomly leased virtual machines from multiple cloud providers, which then work as one network. Hidden inside this network are an organization’s fileshare, chat server, video conferencing, and more – all protected by the same two layers of AES encryption as every connection inside a Fognigma network.
The software is entirely under the control of the organization using it – so there isn’t any reliance on a third-party company for intervention or oversite (which is often where breaches occur).
All these features protect against external threats, but Fognigma can protect from internal threats as well. Fognigma gives network admins granular user controls to make Identity and Access Management oh-so-much easier. For each component (be it a fileshare, exit/entry point, files, etc.), groups are created. Put a user in a group, and the user can access that component. A few mouse clicks and precise access to organization resources is completely under control.
Chris Mindel, Dexter Edward
An enterprise-grade open-source IDS is compatible with any OS and hardware. The system performs protocol analysis, content searching/matching, and detection of various network security attacks (buffer overflow, stealth port scanner, CGI attacks, OS fingerprinting attempts to name a few).
Snort’s ease of configuration, rules’ flexibility, and raw packet analysis make it a powerful intrusion detection and prevention system.
Forcepoint’s SD-WAN can be customized to keep users from accessing certain types of content, as well as blocking a variety of intrusion attempts and exploits.
Admins also can quickly see activity on all networks and can take action rapidly, instead of taking time to track down problems. The service is primarily for enterprise clients working in the cloud, including being able to block or provide warnings about risky cloud servers. It also can provide extra protection and higher levels of access for more critical areas.
GFI LanGuard includes continuous monitoring, scanning, and patching.
The network security tool is so popular and useful that applying it through a network can help a company demonstrate security compliance. It also provides software and network auditing as needed for vulnerable areas in desktops or mobile devices, and automatically creates patches for Mac, Windows, and Linux systems.
There is always legitimate fear that hackers may attack your business directly through your firewall or via internal threat/social engineering.
Less attention is given to the security risks of web-based applications like shopping carts, login pages, or online forms. Acunetix helps businesses set up defenses for more than 4,500 threats to these types of applications and sites, such as SQL injections. It regularly crawls through your site architecture and performs conventional hacking methods to make sure your security defense respond appropriately. Manual testing is also available for specific areas of concern.
Musubu, R2i’s network intelligence service is my preferred tool. It includes open source threat detection engines such as Suricata or AlienVault. Musubu provides an enhanced set of data points. The user experience provides a real sense of the overall security posture of the network.
It focuses on the network of origin in context, as well as what threat is posed by the subnet, and the broader environment of origin. Musubu complements the open source threat detection engines by providing greater detailed business intelligence, including a unique threat score, threat classification, detailed location information, and reduction of false positives.
Bradford Lee, Director of Operations, Release 2 Innovation
Good network security describes everything that potentially could impact your company’s systems and everything that helps keep those threats away.
Network security tools focus on hardware, software, even policies, and procedures to encourage everyone in an organization to practice smart approaches to keeping data safe. Network security also can include keeping up with global threats and making sure systems stay safe from everyone from individual hackers to larger organized breach attempts
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