A high voltage pulse generating circuit comprising

A high voltage  pulse generating circuit comprising: a DC  power source; a fly back transformer; a solid state switching circuit connected between the output of the DC power  source and the primary winding of the fly back transformer; primary winding current sensing means for generating a signal indicative of the amplitude of the current flowing in the primary winding of the fly back transformer; and a controller arranged to receive as an input the primary winding current signal from the primary winding current sensing means and to generate as an output to the switching circuit a control signal for decoupling the fly back transformer from the DC power  source when the amplitude of the current in the primary winding reaches a desired level so as to initiate charging of a pulse forming network. A discharge switch actuated by a further control signal from the controller is then closed to discharge the pulse forming network across a pulse transformer.
The present invention relates to pulse generators and, more particularly, to pulse generating circuits which may be used as power supplies for linear accelerators, most especially linear accelerators of radiation treatment devices. Radiation-emitting devices are used as radiation therapy devices for the treatment of patients. A radiation therapy device generally comprises a gantry which can be swiveled around a horizontal axis of rotation in the course of a therapeutic treatment. A linear accelerator is located in the gantry for generating a high energy radiation beam for therapy. This high energy radiation beam can be an electron or electromagnetic beam. During treatment, this radiation beam is trained on one zone of a patient lying in the iso center of the gantry rotation.
Radiation is generated by applying an electron beam to a target to generate X-rays. The electron beam is typically generated in a linear accelerator that is powered by a klystron-based power supply having a power output in the 10 to 30 kW range. Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a block diagram of a known medical linear accelerator and auxiliary components. A power supply provides D.C. power to a modulator. The modulator includes a pulse forming network and  a switch tube known as a hydrogen thyratron. A thyratron is a low pressure gas device with a thermionic cathode. Over time, the cathode depletes itself, this depletion defining the operational life of the thyratron.
The high voltage pulses from the modulator are flat-topped D.C. pulses of a few microseconds in duration. These pulses are delivered to a magnetron or klystron and simultaneously to an electron gun. Pulsed microwaves produced in the magnetron or klystrons are injected into an accelerator tube via a waveguide system. Electrons produced by the electron gun 16 are pulse injected into the accelerator tube with appropriate timing. High energy electrons emerge from the accelerator tube in the form of a beam of approximately 3 mm in diameter. The electron beam can be directed to a treatment head 24 as a straight beam or to a treatment head 26 as a bent beam. If the electrons are sent to a treatment head 26, the electrons are bent by a bending magnet 28 through a suitable angle between the accelerator tube and the target.
 

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