ACCOUNTING, FINANCE, SPSS

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Research Methods
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2012
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Research Methods
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Preliminary Information Gathering and Problem Definition
初步信息收集和问题定义
PART 2
CHAPTER 3

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Research Methods
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2012
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Understand the first step in business research process, i.e. the broad problem area
Identify the broad problem area through several ways
Understand how preliminary information gathering aids in deciding whether the problem is worth investigating and describe the problem clearly
学习完本章后，您应该能够：了解业务研究流程的第一步，即广泛的问题领域，通过几种方式确定广泛的问题区域，了解初步信息收集如何帮助确定问题是否值得调查并清楚地描述问题

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LEARNING OUTCOMES (cont.)
Comprehend the literature review stage of the research process in its entirety
Define a research problem clearly in the form of a problem statement
Understand the principles, values and standards of conducting research (research ethics)
全面了解研究过程的文献回顾阶段以问题陈述的形式明确定义研究问题了解进行研究的原则，价值和标准（研究伦理）

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3.1 Broad Problem Area
First step in the research process is the identification of a broad problem area
Broad problem area refers to the general or entire situation where research and problem–solving might be needed
研究过程的第一步是确定广泛的问题领域广泛的问题区域是指可能需要研究和解决问题的总体或整体情况

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Broad problem area can be identified in ways such as:
Recognition of existing problems
Desire to improve the status quo
Planning for the future
可以通过以下方式确定广泛的问题区域：认识现有问题 ，渴望改善现状， 计划未来
3.1 Broad Problem Area

(cont.)

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3.2 Preliminary Information Gathering
Gathering phase is an early stage of soliciting information regarding the problem of interest to enable a researcher to gain a wider understanding and perspective of the problem.
收集阶段是征集有关感兴趣问题的信息的早期阶段，以使研究人员能够对该问题有更广泛的理解和认识。

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3.3 Review
The term “literature” in a literature review means published or unpublished research articles that others have conducted in the areas that are relevant to the study.
There are a few concerns that need to be addressed.
文献综述中的“文学”一词是指他人在与研究相关的领域中进行的已发表或未发表的研究文章。有一些需要解决的问题。

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3.3 Review (cont.)

文献评论
This includes:
What is a Review?
The Purpose of a Review
Sources of
Writing-up the Review
什么是文学评论？文献综述的目的文学来源撰写文学评论

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3.4 Defining the Problem
Defined as a clear and concise statement that describes the symptoms of the specific issues that a researcher wishes to investigate.
In a sense, literature review has assisted the researcher to be more focused and specific compared to the early stages of the research.
定义为简洁明了的陈述，描述研究人员希望调查的特定问题的症状。从某种意义上说，与研究的早期阶段相比，文献综述有助于研究人员更加专注和具体。

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3.4.1 Elements of Problem Statement
Conventionally, problem statements have three elements.
clear statement with sufficient contextual detail to justify its importance
the method of solving the problem, often stated as a claim or a working thesis
the purpose, statement of objective and scope of the document the researcher is preparing
按照惯例，问题陈述包含三个要素。具有足够上下文相关细节的清晰陈述，以证明其重要性解决问题的方法，通常说成是主张或工作论点 研究人员正在准备的文件的目的，目的说明和范围

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3.4.2 Guidelines in Creating a Good Problem Statement
A well-written and good problem statement.
Quantify the extent or size of the problem.
Emphasize the consequences if the problem identified is not overcome, why it is considered as a problem.
一个写得很好并且很好的问题陈述。量化问题的范围或大小。强调如果无法解决所确定的问题的后果，为什么将其视为问题。

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3.4.3 Criteria in Assessing the Quality of a Good Problem Statement
Relevant
Feasible
Interesting

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3.5 Ethical Issues道德问题
Objectivity and integrity in conducting a research
Avoid invasion of privacy of subjects and respect the dignity of respondents
Do no harm to individuals or groups, the research discipline or to society in general
进行研究时的客观性和完整性避免侵犯受试者的隐私并尊重受访者的尊严不会对个人或团体，研究学科或整个社会造成伤害

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Conclusion
Within a research context, a problem identified with the intention of providing a solution, will remain a problem unless it is properly identified and explained clearly.
在研究范围内，除非提供了适当的标识和清晰的说明，否则为提供解决方案而确定的问题将仍然是一个问题。