HIS 252A Europe 1500-1815 Final Examination

HIS 252A Europe 1500-1815 Final ExaminationIn essay form (introduction with thesis, body with citations, conclusion), answer one question from each group below.· Essay 1 should be 550-750 words (roughly 2-2.5 pages). Essay 2 should be 850-1150 words (roughly 2.5-3.5 pages). The total size of the exam should be 1400-1900 words (roughly 4-6 pages) Do not exceed 2200 words for your complete exam (not counting header info like name, date, etc.; works-cited page). Over 2200 words, 10 points will be deducted for every 100 extra words.· Consult the Paper Guidelines at the back of the syllabus for formatting expectations. The exam should be typed in 12-pt font with 1-inch margins, double-spaced, with standard character spacing.· With your name/course/section/date info on the front, also indicate which of the questions by number (ie., A1, B5) you have answered. Include both questions in one file (doc, docx, pdf, odt, rtf), with the questions in order. Start the second essay on a new page. Submissions not meeting all these expectations will be penalized.· Quote the authors regularly in making your points. Use these essays to demonstrate your mastery of the material we have read. For all quotations and paraphrases, be sure to provide citations to their location in the texts. Citations must have page numbers. Essays with more than two uncited quotations will receive an F/0 grade. This exam is to be based on the assigned readings and material covered in class only. You may not consult other people, including other students, or resources beyond those assigned for this class to complete this exam. If you wish to make a reference or two to things you read for another course, provide not only the citation but also course, instructor, and semester the material was read. Otherwise, outside materials will result in a significant grade reduction.· Provide a works-cited page at the end (not included in the word count). If you use a version of the book different from the print copy offered at the bookstore, be sure the bibliographic citation reflects the exact version you used. If online, give the url. If Kindle, say so, etc.· Exams must be uploaded to Blackboard by the start of our 10.30am exam period on 13 May.· Starting at 10.31am, 5/13, late exams will incur a penalty of 10 points per 24 hours, or part thereof, after the deadline that the exam arrives. No exam will be accepted after the end of exam week, Monday, 5/17, 9.30pm. Note that technological failure either during the composition or the transmission of the exam will not be considered a reason for extension. Back up your work regularly on something in addition to your computer. Uploads of the wrong file or unreadable files will not be considered submissions, and resubmissions will be penalized as late.· Follow a balanced and nutritious diet high in vegetables, fruits and protein, and low in saturated fats and refined sugars. Try to consume at least one serving of responsibly sourced fish during the composition of this exam. Furthermore, try to get at least 7 (8!) hours of sleep per night, and don’t try to write the exam in one sitting; go for a walk or run or ride between essays.Group Alpha (40 points) – Choose one of these questions to answer.1. The “Enlightened despots” (choose either Catherine II of Russia or Frederick the Great of Prussia) vs. Napoleon: compare how they fulfilled the ideals of the Enlightenment in their treatment of their people. Treat Napoleon and Catherine/Frederick relatively equally in the essay. (This one was the easiest so I picked this one)Napoleon Information – Chapter 19 (book sent on files)page 572 to page 592 French revolution background (not that important for the question) and Page 593 to Page 601 (Napoleon information)https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/18catherine.asp (Catherine II information)ideals of the Enlightenment information- Chapter 17 (same book as above)https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/kant-whatis.asp What is enlightenmentApart from this I know he says that we cannot use other sources apart from the readings we discussed in class, but if you need to google a few things it is fine, because I am really blank when it comes to this.2. Compare the roles and activity of the upper layers of society (the bourgeoisie/middle class and the nobility) in France with the upper layers in Britain from 1715 to 1815. What conclusion can you draw from that comparison?3. One of the most important socio-political developments of this last third of the course is the emergence of public opinion as a factor in politics and society. Explain how and why this happens and what this changes in Western Europe.4. The role of religion in Europe appears to have declined from 1715 to 1815. Would you agree? Argue why or why not.Group Beta (60 points) – Choose one of these questions to answer. For each of these questions, be sure to cover the expanse of time that we have covered, showing the changes in various time periods along the way. Don’t just compare two or three moments.the textbook I sent has information, please read the instructions above carefully.5. Over the roughly 450 years of this course, Austria and Russia have been on very different paths but yet seem to end up relatively comparable by 1815. Compare their evolutions over this time and argue which of them is the more powerful at the end of the course.6. Choose one element of the capitalist economy (banks, finance, trade, production, protection/mercantilism, …) and explain how it evolved from the Renaissance period to the time of Napoleon.7. With regard to the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689 and French Revolution of 1789-1799, compare 1) their causes, 2) their stages or events (how the revolutions played out), and 3) their consequences. Explain which of the two had a more democratic result, and which of the two changed their country more.8. Agriculture and the peasantry have played a quiet but important role in the development of Europe over the time studied in this course. Discuss the changes that the peasantry experienced, how agriculture changed, and the significance of those changes and of the peasantry itself over this long time span.