Virtual Water and Carbon Footprint

Ecological Footprint
 

 
Amount of productive land and water a given population
requires to produce all the resources they consume and
assimilate all the waste they generate
Ecological Footprint
 

 
Growing crops Grazing animals
Catching fish
Harvesting timber Assimilating waste
Accommodating infrastructure Capturing carbon dioxide
Components of Ecological Footprint
 

 
Global footprint: Demand and supply
 

 
What about land for other species?
 

 
People consume resources from all over the planet, so their
footprint can be thought of as the sum of these areas
wherever they are
Approximately 20% of the global population consumes 80%
of resources
Global distribution of ecological footprint
 

 
Water Footprint
 

 
The Water Footprint is direct and indirect
freshwater use of a consumer/producer or
product/service.
The Water Footprint
 

 
Green water
Blue water
Black/grey water
Water footprint considers three types of waters
 

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Grey water footprintis the amount of freshwaterrequired to assimilatepollutantsto meet specificwaterquality standards.

 
What are green, blue and black/grey waters?
Green water rainwater, which is temporarily stored and evaporates back
Blue water water flowing and stored in surface and groundwater sources
Black/grey water wastewater generated
 

 
Water footprint includes virtual water
Virtual water is embodied water in a product or service. It refers to the water needed for the production of the product.
Global trade in goods and services brings along global trade in virtual water
 

 
Virtual water of crops and animals
Virtual water content of a crop
Crop water use (m3/ha) / Crop yield (ton/ha)
Virtual water content of an animal
Sum of the water content of their feed and the volume of drinking and servicing water consumed during their lifetime.
Virtual water: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ENOvYdm4hc
1 kg wheat 1 m3 water
1 kg rice 3 m3 water
1 kg milk 1 m3 water
1 kg cheese 5 m3 water
1 kg pork 5 m3 water
1 kg beef 15 m3 water
Livestock products typically require more water per kilogram (or per calorie) than crop products.
 

 
The Water Footprint of a nation is the total amount of water that is used to produce the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the nation
The water footprint of a nation
National Water Footprint =
National water use + Virtual water import Virtual water export
 

 
3649 Mm3/yr
Total water footprint Million m3/yr
1423 Mm3/yr
1216 Mm3/yr
6623 Mm3/yr
584 Mm3/yr
581 Mm3/yr
1277 Mm3/yr
395 Mm3/yr
425 Mm3/yr
625 Mm3/yr
Total impact of EU25 on the global water resources
Water footprint of EUs cotton consumption
84% of EUs cotton-related water footprint lies outside of the EU [Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
 

 
In Europe as a whole, 40% of the water footprint lies outside of its borders.
Source: Mekonnen, M.M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2011)
 

 
Assessing international virtual water flows
Virtual water trade flow (m3/yr) = Trade volume (ton/yr) X Virtual water content (m3/ton)
Trade Volume (billion m3/yr)
Proportion
-Crops and crop products -Livestock and livestock products -Industrial products
987 276 362
61% 17% 22%
Total 1625 100 1997-2001.
 

 
Yann Arthus-Bertrand / Earth from Above / UNESCO
Case of Aral Sea-the fourth largest inland sea (1960)
The Aral Sea (68,000 km2), located in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan
Due to cotton irrigation – began drying up in the 1960s
Virtual water trade Main cause for Aral Sea drying
 

 
Aral Sea in 1989 Aral Sea in 2014
Yann Arthus-Bertrand /UNESCO
Fisheries and the communities that depended on them collapsed Water polluted with fertilizer and pesticides Dust from the exposed lakebed became a public health hazard.
Virtual water trade Main cause for Aral Sea drying
 

 
 
WFP(m3/cap/yr) 600 – 800 800 – 1000 1000 – 1200 1200 – 1300 1300 – 1500 1500 – 1800 1800 – 2100 2100 – 2500 No Data
[Hoekstra & Chapagain, 2008]
National total water footprint
National Water Footprint = National water use + Virtual water import Virtual water export
 

 
Carbon Footprint
 

 
Carbon Footprint A carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual, organization, event or product. The Carbon Trust, 2012
GHG from average food consumption
 

 
Carbon footprint ranking
Flight (LA to Spain): 4.6 tons CO2e Road trip: SF to LA: 500 Kg CO2e Light on for a year: 400 kg CO2e $100 on groceries: 62 kg CO2e Cell phone use (year): 47 kg CO2e 10 lbs of trash: 3.1 kg CO2e Beef cheeseburger: 2.5 kg CO2e A pint of beer: 500g CO2e search 2g O2e
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Carbon footprint mainly expressed as CO2 equivalent
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The common Greenhouses Gases
Carbon dioxide Hydro Fluorocarbons
Sulfur hexafluoride PerfluorocarbonsNitrous Oxide Methane
 

 
Carbon footprint calculation for businesses and institutions
 

 
GHG estimation for communities, businesses, institutions
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ClearPath (GHG calculator for Cities/communities) – ICLEI
Campus Carbon Calculator SIMAP (https://unhsimap.org/)
EPA Simplified GHG calculator https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/center-corporate-climate-leadership- simplified-ghg-emissions-calculator
GHG protocol for businesses, reported to CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project)
 

 
GHG emissions at USF, 2014
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Water and Carbon Foot print: USA vs Global
Water Foot print 2200 Gal/Person-day 1002 Gal/Person-day
Carbon Footprint 28 tons CO2e/Person-year 6 tons CO2e/Person-year
https://www.watercalculator.org/footprints/water-footprints-by-country/?cid=3999
 

 
Personal footprint analysis
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Use the three major footprint calculators:
Ecological footprint Global Footprint Network Carbon footprint http://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/ Water footprint http://www.gracelinks.org/1408/water-footprint-calculator
Based on the results of your calculations answer the following: What surprised you most in your own footprint? What realistic actions can you take to reduce your footprint? Compare your footprint against US and global averages
 

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Carbon footprint ranking
Carbon footprint mainly expressed as CO2 equivalent
The common Greenhouses Gases
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GHG estimation for communities, businesses, institutions
GHG emissions at USF, 2014
Water and Carbon Foot print: USA vs Global
Personal footprint analysis

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